In-Service Training is a way of upgrading teachers’,skills and knowledge for improving teaching and learning which may lead to a better job performance. In order to reach this, affective participation of teachers is needed. The current qualitative study was conducted with a grounded theory approach on 28 teachers of the primary schools of Tehran city through targeted sampling and data saturation. The data collection method was carried out through a semi-structured interview and was analyzed using Strauss and Corbin (2008) method. Findings in the contextual conditions include: in-service course subject, in-service teacher, teachers’,need to in-service education, teachers’,economic situation, teachers’,social status, bonus, delivery mode, time and teachers' family Status. The strategies used by teachers who participated in this research were: Reaction to the legal requirement, motivational factors, self-regulation and results were teachers’,change of view, effectiveness of in-service training and selfesteem.

Le rapport à l’ é criture est une notion inventé e par Barré-de Miniac (2000) et dé veloppé e notamment par Chartrand et Blaser (2008, 2010, 2016). Elle dé crit la relation de sens et de signification qui existe entre un sujet scripteur et l’ é criture. L’ é tude du rapport à l’ é criture du public universitaire iranien est trè s importante car elle permet d’ avancer les hypothè ses concernant les difficulté s rencontré es par les é tudiants qui vont au-delà des aspects normé s de la langue. Dans le modè le de Chartrand et Blaser, cette relation comprend quatre dimensions: la dimension affective, la dimension axiologique, la dimension conceptuelle et la dimension praxé ologique. Dans cet article, nous é tudierons la dimension affective du rapport à l’ é criture des é tudiants iraniens du FLE à l’ aide d’ un questionnaire é laboré et validé dans le cadre d’ une thè se de doctorat soutenue en 2018 à l’ université Tarbiat Modares. Les ré sultats de notre enquê te mené e auprè s de 90 participants montre que la majorité des é tudiants iraniens du FLE ont un rapport à l’ é criture positif dans sa dimension affective. Les tests montrent é galement une corré lation positive entre la dimension affective et praxé ologique du rapport à l’ é criture.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cynicism on the bullying of the workplace among the employees of the center and five areas of municipality of Rasht. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Data was collected using a questionnaire and survey method. The statistical population consists of all managers and staff of the center and five areas of the municipality of Rasht. The research data were collected from a sample of 317 managers and employees of the municipality of Rasht by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the data were collected using two standard questionnaire of organizational mistrust (independent variable) and workplace bullying (dependent variable) and analyzed using LaserL software 8. 54. The results of research hypotheses using structural equation model and test indicate that cognitive dimension (destructive beliefs and beliefs) and behavioral dimension (degrading and malicious behaviors) organizational cynicism have a positive effect on the occupational environment and increase the incidence of this behavior in the organization Gets Meanwhile, emotional dimension (negative emotions) does not significantly affect bullying in the workplace.

Let G be a simple connected graph. In this paper, Szeged dimension and PIv dimension of graph G are introduced. It is proved that if G is a graph of Szeged dimension 1 then line graph of G is 2-connected. Trees of Szeged dimension 1 are characterized. The Szeged dimension and PIv dimension of five composite graphs: sum, corona, composition, disjunction and symmetric difference with strongly regular components are computed. Also explicit formulas of Szeged and PIv indices for these composite graphs are obtained.

Modeling the joint distribution of liquidity and return to determine the dependency structure of a 15-stock portfolio using intraday data in 2019 provides a suitable model for the commonalities. Based on the complexities of higher dimensions multivariate modeling (combined distribution of liquidity and return), after univariate modeling of the stocks’,liquidity based on Autoregressive Conditional Poisson model (ACP) and the returns with the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH), the marginal distributions were incorporated into a Copula Vine to model the dependency. The findings of this study, based on high-dimensional high-frequency data, indicate that there is an extreme nonlinear correlation between the liquidity of stocks and also between liquidity and returns across the portfolio, which is necessary to take into account in risk assessments to prevent inaccurate assessment of risk indicators such as value at risk. In addition, the results have shown that modeling the joint distribution of liquidity and stock returns in high dimensions relying on the Copula Vine model due to the flexibility performs well.

Background and Aim: It is well - known that sex hormones regulate bone metabolism. Sex steroids increase osteoblasts activities and affect growth, remodeling and bone homeostasis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sex hormones deficiency on craniofacial growth in rats.Methods & Materials: Fifty, thirty-day-old Wistar rats comprised the sample in this experimental study. 25 male rats were divided into 2 groups: Experimental group, ORX, (n=15) and control group, sham- operation, (n=10) and 25 female rats were divided in the same way: Experimental group, OVX, (n=15) and control group, sham- operation, (n=10). Body length and weight were registered monthly. The rats were sacrificed 6 months after the surgery. Direct millimetric measurements of the skeletodental variables and the tibial length were obtained by using electronic caliper. Serum testosterone, progesterone and estradiol levels were measured by ELISA. One Way ANOVA, Tukey and Student t tests were used to analyze the data.Results: Serum testosterone level significantly decreased in the ORX group as compared with the male sham operated group. In the ORX group, body length and weight, coronoid height, mandibular length, mandibular arch length, midfacial width, midfacial length, midfacial height, calvarial width, maxillary arch width, premaxillary length, nasal bone height, facial width, basisphenoid bone length and tibia bone length were significantly smaller than in the male control group. Structures showing cartilaginous growth were influenced more than structures showing sutural growth. Estradiol level did not change in OVX group, but despite the significant decrease in progesterone level, no significant differences except weight were found between the OVX group and female control group.Conclusion: In conclusion, it is strongly suggested that the suppression of sex hormones secretion in the growth phase might inhibit craniofacial growth and results in poor craniofacial development and developing malocclusion.

There are remarkable relations between the graded homological dimensions and the ordinary homological dimensions. In this paper, we study the injective dimension of a complex of graded modules and derive its some properties. In particular, we define the  dualizing complex for a graded ring and investigate its consequences.